The Great Irish Famine Essays

The Great Irish Famine Essays The Great Irish Famine Essay The Great Irish Famine Essay British Government during the great famine of Ireland between 1845 and 1852. It will look at the political Ideology that Inspired the public relief works and how they failed to offer relief from starvation, but instead focused on bringing about social change inspired by largely an anti;Loris sentiment. It will also examine the role of the soup kitchens that were set up to attack famine conditions directly and how this represented and exposed the Governments lies that they in fact could have done more to prevent the deaths of so many. Considered is also the role in which Free Trade had during the famine period, when food was needed most It continued to leave the country, only for the food that did arrive to be highly out of reach for those destitute whys only Income was from the largely unsuccessful Public Relief works. At the turn of 1 840 it was estimated that the population of Ireland stood at approximately eight million. By this time, some 40% of the population were dependent on the potato for food and even employment. When the blight hit Ireland In September 1 845 the consequence for the Irish poor would be devastating, but as he famine of 1782-84 demonstrated, manageable, provided the government responded in the correct way . By late 1846 famine conditions were spread throughout Ireland, but most notably the famine had took on a regional dimension, hitting places worst In the South and West. Already suffering from the effects of decline In trade, poverty was already well planted In places like Cosmonaut, In the West, and Muenster, In the South, years before the blight struck. As consequence, employment moved eastward to Dublin which left many unemployed on the eve of famine. This slump in industry was also evilly felt in Britain following the collapse of the railway and corn trade in 1847-1848. This prompted anti-Irish sentiment when coupled with famine relief. The Times condemned any further British aid to Ireland, labeling It as an unfair burden on England and a misplaced humanity Annihilating Irish self-reliance . This Industrial depression coincided with the failure of the potato crop and was not exclusive to Ireland. It left many out of work and increased their vulnerability to such an unforeseen event, leading to mass destitution . Ireland, under British control from 1 800, was often treated poorly and even referred o as the Prodigal son of the united Kingdom. With many now out of work and beginning to starve, government intervention was desperately needed. Lord John Russell who later became Prime Minister in 1846 Insisted that the responsibility of relief lay on the shoulders of Irish landlords who ought to provide employment for the poor . However, following the severe crop failures between 1845 and 1848, combined with the slump in trade, landlords were more concerned with trying to off load surplus workers teen could Darrel Nora to pay.. Sir John Peel stated to parliament his wish to take advantage of this calamity for introducing among the people of Ireland the taste for a better and more certain provision for their support ND thereby diminishing the chances to which they will be constantly liable, of recurrences of this great and mysterious visitation. He believed that Ireland was full of resources that only required entrepreneurship and a reinvigorated industry to be released and that the potato enabled the Irish population to maintain an alleged lazy and indolent lifestyle leaving no incentive for the Irish farmers to modernis m their agriculture or the economy . Peel was convinced that Irelands problems lay in root of their social backwardness. He saw maize, which would be cheaply imported from America, as a permanent substitute for the potato in the Irish diet, and insisted that the rural poor had to become landless laborers, working for wages on the land of substantial farmers. He was confident that if social reorganization was accompanied by the challenge of free trade, private corn merchants would develop the maize trade after it was freed thus propelling Ireland out of poverty . Following his vision, many local peasants on the brink of destitution were cleared from the lands which offered them shelter and were forced into icebreakers work which was supposed to offer relief, a lack of intervention in the trade industry would allow the continuation of food exports whilst raising the prices of what did enter the country and many would be left to starve as the soup kitchens that proved to be successful in attacking the famine, were shut down due to their lack of social re-organization. Relief in Ireland was more focused on how to reorder society than how to fight famine. The British Government conceded that the Irish poor needed help, motivated by the view that the local landlords had failed in their duty. After little research by George Nicholls, a Commissioner of the English Poor, the new Irish Poor Law was set in place. Based on the old British Poor Law, The aim was not only for providing relief, but was equally, if not more so, set on bringing about much desired social changes in Ireland, whilst also keeping the role of the government to a minimum . The main provisions of the 1838 Act dictated that the country would be split in to one hundred and thirty new unions. Each union must set up a workhouse for its local population, which would be overseen by the Assistant Commissioners who were to implement the act in Ireland, following the extension of the existing Poor Law Commissioners powers to Ireland. They would then create a Board of Guardians in each Union, two-thirds would be elected and the other third was to be appointed. They would also help oversee the collection of a local poor-rate to finance the work house system as well as raise the funds for the assisted emigrations that also took place . By making relief a local charge, the government was able to realize the long- held aspiration that Irish property should support Irish poverty. Sir Charles I reversal commander In cancel AT Tamale reelect was also a strong advocate AT transferring the financial burden for relief on to the Poor Law. He felt that by placing the responsibility upon the local ratepayers, fewer instances of abuse and over- spending were likely to occur . After 1846 the government chose public work as a means of alleviating the distress. This policy was seen as disastrous. The workhouses were designed to house approximately 100,000 destitute people, which fell well short of the 2,400,000 the royal commission had declared in 1836 as to be in a state of poverty. The works were of little benefit to the community, and as mechanism for saving lives they failed massively . Aimed at discouraging pauperism by a harsh regime of work, diet and aggregation by age and sex , the workhouse system suited Sir John Peels vision for social change and long-term improvement in Ireland . A large criticism was aimed at the cost compared to the effect the workhouses had on fighting the conditions of famine. By March 1847 the total cost of the works had reached almost and was generally considered to have been largely squandered, providing neither long term benefit to Ireland, nor short term relief to the poor . During the winter of 1846-47 relief in the work houses was dependent on undertaking hard, physical labor and wages were paid according to labor employed. This put those who were already weak or debilitated by malnutrition, at a disadvantage. In response to the high admittances, wages were grossly inadequate at less than eight pence per day and made what food that was available on the private market unobtainable due to the rising prices thanks to the governments lack of intervention in free trade. The poor and overcrowded conditions of the workhouses also contributed to the spread of fever which added to the death toll brought about by famine conditions. James Hack Take, on a humanitarian mission to Dongle in the inter of 1846, recalls the state of the workhouses he visited. The day before they had but one meal of oatmeal and water, and at the time of our visit had not sufficient food in the house for the days supply. Their bedding consisted of dirty straw, in which they were laid in rows on the floor; even as many as six persons being crowded under one rug; and we did not see a blanket at all. The rooms were hardly bearable for filth. The living and the dying were stretched side by side beneath the same miserable covering. No wonder that disease and pestilence were filling the infirmary and that the pale, haggard countenance of the or boys and girls told of sufferings, which it was impossible to contemplate without pity . I en puddle works were ten single most expensive Item AT Famine reelect prop the British and resulted in a further change of policy . In February 1847 The Temporary Relief Act was introduced and Soup Kitchens were opened throughout Ireland to distribute free food. The significance of their arrival is important for various reasons. Following the slump in industry of 1847 which left many English factory closed, Travelers insisted that the London Treasury did not possess the adequate finances to aid British unemployment, and certainly did not assess the administrative capability or finance to feed such a large number of starving people in Ireland. He also added in response to the public works, that no government had done more to support its poor than Britain had done during the famine years . However, Parliament voted that would be donated to the Temporary Relief act which at its peak saw over 3 million people receive food rations daily, making it individually the most availed of the relief measure. In addition to that, the administrative machinery which supported the system had been assembled in less than two months. This relief scheme contradicted Traversals claims, and proved that the British government did possess the financial and administrative ability to provide direct relief to starvation on a massive scale and in comparison to the public workhouses, at relatively little cost. The soup kitchens were not entirely popular, however, at a public meeting attended by local landowners in Rescission, they criticized the Temporary Relief Act for demoralizing the poor and leaving them free to idleness and acts of crime. As had been a common theme in the Governments handling of the famine crisis, regaining social order would take precedent. The soup kitchens were subsequently closed on the 30th of September. For those now denied the direct relief of starvation, the government ordered that all able-bodied men in receipt of poor relief were to be made to work on the roads as a test of destitution, and were packed back in to the workhouses where deaths reached up to 2,500 per week . Had Travelers been intent only on saving lives, the soup kitchens could have been brought in far sooner and sustained for longer than they were. Instead, he stuck to his political ideology of social reform and insisted that Irish relief was now the turn of the Irish ratepayers . The policy choice made by the government denied people successful relief that had showed to be maintaining improved health in Ireland. The governments denial not only failed to save lives, but allowed mass starvation that had been proven to be commutable to continue . It is also important to consider the role of Free Trade that continued throughout the famine era. John Mitchell a follower of the Young Ireland party who strongly opposed the British and Whig Government often criticized the free role private merchants were allowed to take in exporting Irish resources at a time when every little scrap was needed. He repeatedly made the point that a government ship sailing Into any Rills port Walt Animal corn was sure to meet anal a cozen galling out Walt Irish wheat and cattle . However, this was not entirely correct and in fact during the famine as much food was imported in to Ireland, than that which left it; The Inns Gram Trade 1843-48 on 1000 tons) Year Exports Imports 1843480 15 1844424 30 1845 513 28 1846 1847 284 146 197 889 1848 314 439 Although food did continue to leave Ireland, it also continued to arrive Just as frequently in the years it was required most . But Mitchell sentiments were still the name, why was food allowed to leave Ireland at all? The answer argued by John Percival is that; The export of food to England and Scotland was crucial to the Irish economy Loris farmers depended on the English market for many years and Irish traders had made a good living out of it. Had they not done so, Ireland would have been even poorer than it was, and poverty was also the root of the famine problem The decision by the government not to interfere in Irish trade was motivated by an ideological commitment to free trade. In 1846 the corn harvest was below average, not Just in Ireland but throughout Europe. This meant that there were less surplus foods available for sale. As a consequence, the demand for existing supplies was heavy. The removal of protective legislation set by the British Tories in 1845 allowed other European countries to purchases supplies within Britain and between the years of 1846-49 grain exports to Europe increased. Some of this grain originated in Ireland. At the same time, many European ports were closed to exports in an effort to protect their own supplies. The policy was an attempt to appease Irish merchants, who felt their position had been undermined by the Tory government intervention in he market place in 1845 and to help reinvigorate the Irish economy which could help alleviate the strain felt on the London Treasury help claw Ireland out of poverty. The lack of restrictive legislation and a strong attitude committed to political ideology compounded the problem of food shortages and helped further increase famine conditions . But want tout ten T Tanat was Imported In to Ireland? For tense won required It most, it was often out of reach due to the high prices placed on food following a cumbersome body of legislation, including the Navigation Acts . The effect of this act as to hamper the free movement of goods, and it acted as a ceiling on the amount of food that could be imported into Ireland at any one time. This increased the cost of freight charges on the import ships which in turn increased the cost of the goods being delivered. After the harvest of 1846, they rose to three time their usual rate. In the winter of 1846-47, food prices rose dramatically. They only started to fall in the spring of 1847. By this time, it was too late for many Irish people, whose only source of income had been the low-paid public works where wages were too low to sustain life. In the winter of 1846, both combined, the poor handling of Irish Trade and the lack of finance provided for wages on the public works, left an estimated 400,000 dead, either directly or indirectly, through want of food . It is clear then, that the British Government were more inspired by political and economic ideology than simply trying to fight the conditions of famine. The Irish Poor Law that introduced the public relief, most notable the workhouses, were always destined to fall short due to their lack of capacity to hold those were already confirmed as destitute . Inside the workhouses conditions were appalling. The backbreaking work coupled with shortages of food left the inmates malnourished and left them vulnerable to the spreading diseases which were rife, and thus resulted in high fatalities. For those who did manage to survive and endure stints in the workhouses there was little reward. With so many occupants the wage return for such grueling work was far from rewarding and not enough to live on due to the rising food prices brought about by the governments insistence not to interfere with free trade. Singly the most expensive form of relief, the workhouses had failed to alleviate the distress. In a turn of policy by the Government, Soup kitchens were set up to directly combat starvation. It had proved successful in maintaining life and at relatively little cost -particularly in comparison to the public works- to government. The soup kitchens also exposed the Governments attitude toward Ireland. Travelers insisted that the needs of British industry should come first and that the finance or organization to implement further relief was something the British didnt have. Shortly after this the Temporary Relief act received a injection from parliament to fund the Soup Kitchens. This was less than half the figure that had been spent on the workhouses and took Just two months for the kitchens to be operational. This proved that the government did have the means to offer more to the people of Ireland. Closing the kitchens that had been highly successful in saving lives and combating starvation was a death sentence to many. The government consciously chose to deny people relief that was successful in keeping people alive, thus the closures marked that Travelers was wrong in his insistence that little more could be done. Instead the kitchens Just didnt suit Traversals vision of moral and social order. If the sole intention was to save people from starvation then the kitchens should have been opened sooner and for longer. Trade was also handled poorly in response to famine conditions, but as a part of government policy to Invigorate ten economy was allowed to continue ten export AT much name T supplies. Motivated by the vision that trade could help propel Ireland out of poverty, it continued at a high price. By the time food arrived in Ireland the regulations set in place by the government raised the prices of cargo. For what food that did arrive in Ireland was far too expensive for those in receipt of wages on the public works.

Event management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Event management - Essay Example Groups of related event usually stage up the pre-event and the post event requirements, preparations, site an event management area, the impact of time frames, number of guests required, food prepared with respect to the scales and the intended target groups of events. An example of an event is the graduation ceremonies held in the schools, which require event related operations. Through this operation, a student will be able to understand what is required in the event. Guest invited, parents and any other target get to know what time is the event starting, and all the other proceedings. These events help to design the programs to be followed in a particular span of time. This program designed to help eliminate much time wastage since most of time an event that is not designed with relevant programs tends to extend to late hours hence frustrating the attendees. They also help to give the chronological analysis of the presentations in the events. Each event has a unique way to handle the running activities that have to be effectively designed and followed. Team organizer and designer of the programs is first selected to discuss on how to conduct the event in a unique way that will attract the guests and the other attendees. Logistical arrangements are then made by the event team to determine the amount of the time to be consumed by the related event, the number of the guests invited the event also helps to determine whether the site put aside for the sole purpose of the event will accommodate the number of the people require to attend the event. Some other teams are selected to formulate the branding of the event especially the event are not seasonal or they require high attention. Event operation management is basically about getting things done effectively and efficiently in an organization. They aim at delivering a product or a

Alternative Methods of Involving Employees in Decision Making Essay

Alternative Methods of Involving Employees in Decision Making - Essay Example Moreover, I have realised the method of transition from one paragraph to another in order to keep the flow of a paper from feedbacks. Introduction â€Å"Employee involvement is not the goal nor is it a tool. Rather, employee involvement is a management and leadership philosophy about how people are most enabled to contribute to continuous improvement and the ongoing success of their work organization† (Employee Involvement: How to Involve Employees in Decision Making, 2012). Advancements in science and technologies and subsequent development of new organizational principles stress the importance of employee involvement in decision making process in an organization. Earlier, top management and middle management were responsible for taking critical decisions with respect to the functioning of the organization. However, the necessities of employee involvement in decision making process are well documented by modern researches. â€Å"For a company to remain healthy over the long term, a new strategic direction that would help it to grow and offer its people challenging work, is needed† (Xarcos, 2009). Ensuring employee participation in the decision making is one way of giving a strategic direction to an organization. â€Å"The concept of employee involvement originates from a leader kind of philosophy where people contribute to the effectiveness of the company and improvement is continuous. Companies that employ this strategy are most successful in areas of their business†(Alexander, 2011). Employees are the most important resource as far as an organization is concerned. In fact employees are the only active resource of an organization and the supervision from this active resource is necessary mobilize all the other passive resources of an organization. Being the only active resource in an organization, employees should be given participation in the decision making process so that they may feel more attachments towards the organization. Differe nt methods are used by different for ensuring employee participation in the decision making process. This paper analyses the alternative methods of involving employees in decision making and the benefits and challenges that these might present for an organisation. Alternative methods of involving employees in decision making The following figure illustrates the ladder of decision making in an organization. Ladder of Decision Making Level 1. Executive Decision Level 2. Executive Decision with Report Level 3. Consultative Decision Level 4. Employee Recommendation Level 5. Delegated Decision (with Veto) Level 6. Delegated decision (w/o Veto) Level 7. Employee Decision Responsibility for the Decision (Gallagher, 2002) At level 1, the chief executive is taking decisions independently and he may or may not inform his decision to the employees during latter stages. At level 2, the executive takes decisions and inform it to the employees in the near future itself. At level 3, the executive welcomes ideas from employees before the decision making process. At level 4, the executive assigns the duty of decision making to the employees whereas at level 5, the executive can accept or reject the decisions taken by the employees. At level 6 employee decisions will be accepted by the executive whereas at level 7, employees may not even inform the executive about their decisions. â€Å"Strategies to encourage employee involvement through participatory, consultative and cooperative workplaces have been widely promoted since the 1970s†

Show how the provision of education before 1833 Essay Example for Free

Show how the provision of education before 1833 Essay Show how the provision of education before 1833 depended upon personal wealth. Education before 1833 did depend upon personal wealth along with other factors, (fully explained later on. ) Different classes of people attended different types of schools, and the costs that the schools charged would have a great impact on the types of people attending them. A governess would look after the wealthy children, and the boys governess would be replaced by a tutor, until they were old enough to attend school. This tutor would teach Greek and Latin. But in order for the boys to be taught mathematics, and French a visiting master must be hired. The girls, on the other hand, were taught accomplishments, which included music, drawing and dancing. The womens role was to be elegant and to entertain as a wife, not to be educated and working outside of the home. This was where the education stopped for the females; though, the upper class young boys went on to attend a public school, such as the ones at Eton, Harrow and Winchester, which taught classics, such as Latin and Greek, classical History and sport. Though these schools were well known for bullying, including fagging, strict corporal punishments and really bad teaching. These types of schools were very inefficient, and many parents knew these schools taught mainly manly habits, such as fighting and bullying. There was a range of schools for middle class children depending on the wealth of their families. Upper middle class children (still of wealthy parentage) would attend a private school; these were for mainly boys though some girls did attend these types of schools. The boys would be taught Classics and Maths, and the girls would be taught manners, singing, dancing, painting and embroidery. These were usually boarding schools, though the same types of subjects were taught, these would have been the cheaper of the two schools. Another middle class school was the grammar schools, to attend these schools you must have been followers of the Church of England, a protestant, Christian. These schools were for only boys and taught Classics, Maths and following later Languages. Grammar schools were usually in wealthy towns such as Wolsingham, Bishop and Durham (at the time,) these were for only for middle class children. Another type of school only for middle class children were the dissenting academies, these only taught none Church of England children, but again only took boys. These dissenting academies had the most up to date curriculum, teaching Maths, Science, Geography, Languages and accounting. These schools were the best at the time, and were highly popular among the middle classes. Charity schools were aimed at the lower middle classes, and/or working class children. Few of these schools did give working class children a proper education. (Internet. ) These schools were for the male and female children. They taught the three Rs, Religion, Crafts (Weaving and shoe making. ) These were only very small schools, charging small fees, but to the parents paying them these fees would seem extremely high. These schools were usually in villages such as Willington, the average pay a week for a typical working class person is around 10d, and out of this 2d would be spent on a Childs education. This is an extremely high proportion. The last school that is aimed at lower middle class children or working class children are the dame schools. These taught Reading, sewing, knitting or nothing. These kinds of schools were more of a child minding service rather than a school, and what was taught depended upon the person that ran the school. Its not much they pay me, so its not much I teach them. One Dame said (Culpin) Without wealth, to pay for an education, children werent educated enough to get good jobs, these children ended up down the pit. Not surprisingly most of these children were lower or working class children. People needed money to get an education, if they didnt get an education they would end up with a bad paying job, going nowhere in life. As Ive already said, it isnt the only factor though; Wealth is probably the largest factor, though as you can see males had a much better, fuller education than the females. And religion also determined what type of school you attended in these times. Of course personal wealth determined what type of school a person attended, though so did other factors. But to me the best type of schools at the time were the dissenting academies, though these were for the middle classes.

Engineering Technology: Revolutionized Essay -- Engineering

Advance, advance is the key word when describing the human race to prove that we are the superior race. Ever since the discovery of technology we have linked our minds together for the persistence of progress to modify the aspects all around us for the better. It’s amazing that a simple interest in the beginning will change everything down to a distinct thought. History has proven that the steps forward in technology within engineering have grown larger and are concluded at a more rapid rate and with in the last twenty years. Such a large amount has improved so rapid as cities grow and technology advances, engineering is moving along with the tide. Engineers that grow and see their world of work improve every day because of certain advances in technology all depending on their field. This how engineering features evolved into what they are today from with in the last two decades; and how the change will continue to advance as modern Technology embraces a post modern era. Engineering has existed since the earliest times of culture and perhaps is one of the older lines of labor on earth (the earliest invention of engineering goes back as early as the invention of the wheel). It’s extraordinary that we came so far since the discovery of the wheel, the technology that has been accomplished today just engulfs the minds of people. Everyday modern technology is taken over the minds of people and they continue to adapt to the modern changes with in the ever changing society. Through centuries there are trails left by ancient engineering and has differed from our technology today. Through the ancient era there has been astounding and un-answering feats of engineering. Like the great pyramids of Egypt and the great coliseums of Rome. The... ...his hands dirty and a female does not (a great example would be the nuclear 1950’s era of the stay at home mom and the 9-5 dad). A main point to why females are not the ones going out and doing the labor is the perception of being feminine. Here’s a quote that shows how much soul they take in their work. â€Å"Engineering is the professional art of applying science to the optimum conversion of natural resources to the benefit of man†. (smith) Works Cited †¢ Scott, Henry. "Engineering Quotes." BrainyQuotes. N.p., 01 Jan 2010. Web. 26 Mar 2010. . †¢ "engineering." 15. 4. Chicago: Britanica, 1986. Print †¢ "Engineering." encyclopedia Britanica. Britanica, 2010. Web. . †¢ "Engineering and Natural Science managers." Ocupational Outlook Handbook. Indianapolas: U.S. Department of Labor, 2005. Print.

Global Sourcing Challenge Case Questions Essay

1. Marianna Barner should decline the invitation for IKEA to have a representative appear on the upcoming forecast of the German video program. The producers of the documentary invited them to take part in a live discussion during the airing, and while this offer does sound beneficial for IKEA to educate the public and the producers of the current efforts taken to fight child labor, it would not be in their best interest. This is attributed to the fact that the producers refuse to let IKEA preview the video beforehand and that they are aware that the producers â€Å"planned to take a confrontational and aggressive approach† directly aimed at them. As a result, there is a very high possibility that the representative would then be blindsided with questions and then IKEA’s message of their efforts would not be portrayed accurately. Instead, IKEA should respond to the allegations by releasing their own statement allowing them to explain their efforts once they have had the opportunity to review all evidence and verify the credibility. 2. In regards to the supply contract that IKEA has with Rangan Exports, it would be best if Barner terminates the contract, should sufficient evidence prove that they do indeed use child labor. They stress the importance of taking responsibility for their suppliers, and in the IWAY (IKEA Code of Conduct), it clearly states that they do not accept Child Labourm, otherwise their contract will be terminated. The well-regarded company (Rangan) had signed an addendum that explicitly forbids the use of child labor, so it is important that IKEA upholds their standards and codes in order to maintain a fair position with their other suppliers. It would also be wise for her to then issue a statement or press release about the severed ties with the company, stating the reasons for the decision and maintaining integrity by upholding their own policies regarding child labor, so that the public and other suppliers see that they won’t tolerate unethical behavior or violations to their contra ct. 3. It is suggested that IKEA stays in India and continue operations. The long-term strategy that Barner should take regarding continued operations includes maintaining their code of conduct to uphold their image of being responsible for their suppliers and the environment, while also contributing to an improved quality of life for those in India.

Full Inclusion in Classrooms - 1379 Words

Full Inclusion in the Classroom Each child is unique and learns in different ways; however, most schools still have a tendency to cling to the one-size-fits-all education philosophy. It is often overviewed when catering to a classroom that each child has specific needs, and that a small group of children within the class may also need further attention. Disability isn’t always visible nor is it always what we think it is. A child may have an undiagnosed hearing or vision problem, he or she may have difficulty with attention or with sitting still, or may have difficulties comprehending instructions. Whatever the need, the issue of whether or not that child should be pulled from the classroom and work with a specialist in a resource room,†¦show more content†¦Along with academic benefits, inclusion enables the child to model critical social skills and gain lasting relationships with their peers that will aid them in understanding real-world relations (lecture). Having the opportunity to be appropriate ly educated in a regular classroom gives the child, for perhaps the first time, the chance to feel like other kids. Having the opportunity to interact and succeed, as well as fail, like the other children can really do a lot for a childs sense of self-worth (lecture). Exclusion from classrooms only segregates the children, teaching the general education kids to breed prejudice, and be ignorant and fearful of those who are not like them. Schwartz states that, â€Å"Without knowledge (and education) that people with disabilities are more similar to nondisabled people than different, a double standard is created.† (Schwartz,4). The more the child is included, the less likely they will face prejudice, and the less likely it is that he/she will miss out on the important social events going on in and out of the classroom. 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