Biomedical Model And Social Model Of Health - 1669 Words

Introduction In this essay I am going to discuss the biomedical model and social model of health, and see how the two relate to Lay perspective on health and illness. AccordingHealth can be viewed as the state of being fit and well, as well as a state of mental sanity (WHO 2005). According to Blaxter (2004), if a person can perform daily functions such as going to work, taking care of the household, etc he/she is considered healthy. Many studies have found that lay people define health as the absence of illness, However being healthy means different things to different people as much have been said and written about people’s varying concepts of health. Some lay perceptions are based on pragmatism where health is regarded as a relative phenomenon, experienced and evaluated according to what an individual finds reasonable to expect, given their age, medical condition and social status (Blaxter 2004) and for them being healthy, may just mean not having a health problem, which interferes with their everyday lives (Bury 2005). According to Baggott (2004) the biomedical model of health looks at individual physical functioning and describes bad health as the presence of disease and illness symptoms as a result of physical cause such as injury or infections and attempts to ignore social and psychological factors. Baggott (2004) states that the features of biomedical model rest mainly on biomedical changes, which can be defined, measured and isolated. In effect this is directedShow MoreRelatedSocial Models Of Health : The Biomedical Model And The Social Model Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pagesapplication of two distinct models of health: the biomedical model and the social models. Each model focuses on different causes of disease: the biomedical model predominantly on biological, or proximal causes, and the social models on both the distal and proximal causes, including all social, psychological, biological and behavioural factors. The social models have noticeably increased in significance due to the shift of t he leading causes of disease from mainly biological to social. This essay will discussRead MoreBiomedical And Social Model Of Health1712 Words   |  7 Pagesfocus on the biomedical and social model of health. It will be critically discussing both models using supporting theories and highlighting the limitations of each. This essay will also discuss and analyse how both models relate to lay perspectives on health and illness. What is health and illness? In order to analyse and critically discuss the two models that are biomedical and social we first have to understand the concept and terms of health and illness. (WHO, 1948) describes health as ‘a stateRead MoreUsing Trevor’s and Dahlia’s Accounts from Activity 2.3 in Learning Guide 2, Describe How the Biomedical, and Social Models of Health, Might Inform Different Approaches to Improving or Maintaining Trevor’s Quality of Life .1432 Words   |  6 Pagesfirstly going to describe, in detail, the Biomedical and Social Models of Health. The 2 approaches are very different, and from a caring perspective, are both as important as one another when putting a care plan in place for service users such as Trevor . Models of illness are used to analyse how illness arises and to predict what treatment might be effective.; Most models are implicit and not formally described.In the context of health and illness, a model will specify what factors are of importanceRead MoreEssay on Assess the Biomedical and Socio-Medical Models of Health1162 Words   |  5 Pagesthe strengths and weaknesses of the biomedical and socio-medical models of health. Biomedical model of health Biomedical model of health is an approach which eliminates psychological and social factors (environment) but only comprises biological issues in trying to recognize or understand an individual`s medical illness/disorder. The biomedical model of health looks upon treatment in expression of changing the body by medical intervention forms. Also this model seeks to look at what is wrong andRead MoreAnalysis Of Health Of Health And Wellness Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Health Views Health is defined by Straub as, â€Å" a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. It involves physical as well as psychological and social well- being† (2012). The well being of an individual also includes social conditions, biological factors, and personality traits (Straub, 2012). Both health and wellness is highly looked over by individuals, this is until they understand how an illness destroys their body. However, to understand the views individualsRead MoreModels of Health1284 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 1 models of health There are two different models of health of which will be looking at the bio medical model and social model of health, there are numerous models and explanations that highlight biological as well as social and psychological processes (Naidoo and Wills, 2008; Aggleton, 1990). The biomedical model is what dominates today’s medical profession, â€Å"People are healthy so long as they show no signs of bodily abnormality† (Aggleton, 1990). This is a typical biomedical statementRead MoreEffectiveness Of Models Of Health1647 Words   |  7 PagesEffectiveness of Models of Health in relation to Smoking-related Conditions Models of health include biomedical model and social models.  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Firstly, this essay explains why as patterns of illness change over the last 150 years, social models are more relevant than biomedical model in helping us understand causes of ill health. Secondly, it discusses how social models like Biopsychosocial and Dhalgren and Whitehead’s model are effective, to a certain extent, in explaining current trends in significantRead MoreThe Biomedical Model of Health and Illness Essay examples1047 Words   |  5 PagesThe Biomedical Model of Health and Illness The most dominant theory in Modern Western medicine of health and illness, held by many official health practitioners such as doctors, consultants, and surgeons has been labelled the biomedical approach or by some as the biomechanical model. The biomedical model presumes that illness is always due to abnormalities in the bodys workings. It is the basis of modern Western medical practice. It works on the theory that ifRead MoreBiopsychosocial vs. Biomedical Model Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesBiopsychosocial verses Biomedical Model Nancy Boswell Psy. 352 April 1, 2012 Professor Peterkin Biopsychosocial verses Biomedical Model The biomedical model and the biopsychosocial model are both representations of health commonly accepted in modern society. The biomedical model considers the absence of disease is physical wellness. This model is good practice but it has limitations. On the other hand, the biopsychosocial model takes into account the whole person which has led to extensiveRead MoreBio and Socio Medical691 Words   |  3 PagesBiomedical and Socio medical model of health Biomedical and Socio medical model of health The main purpose of the biomedical model of health is to cure diseases in which health professionals will use scientifically tested methods to address a diagnosed illness. The biomedical model of health focuses on purely biological factors, and excludes psychological, environmental, and social influences. This model relates to the functionalist approach of health as it specifies that health is the absences

U.S. History 1877-1933 Essay - 1028 Words

â€Å"The United States emerged from a virulent, intense, and inhumane civil war and evolved into a new nation during this period. This transition was the culmination of political, economic, social, and cultural movements which transformed the nation. E Pluribus Unum - out of many United States, one nation; the United States was forged in the cauldron of these revolutions.quot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-Arnold Toynbee, A Study of History nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The above statement is one that seems to be very true when looking back upon the history of the United States. From the years 1877 to 1933, this country went through many changes and transitions in the areas of politics, economy, society, and culture, which resulted in the†¦show more content†¦In 1914 the Smith Lever Act which placed farm agents in every county in the U.S. The Smith Hughs Act in 1917, which granted federal money to states to create agricultural courses in high schools. And in 1929, the Agricultural Marketing Act was passed which created the Farm Loan Board. This Board was made to grant low interest, long term loans to farmers only. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Granger Movement, the Greenback Movement, and the Silver Movement were also very influential in the shaping of present day America. But one of the most important movements in American history is the business movement, although the rise of business during this time is not called a movement, I feel that calling it a movement is appropriate. The rise of business and corporations is very significant because it shaped the American economy and helped lead America to become so successful. Corporations helped put capital into the economy and promote trade with other countries, thus strengthening diplomacy. Big businesses and corporations also provide employment. A major disadvantage of corporations is the possibility of a monopoly forming. This would hurt other small businesses as well as the economy. Influential leaders of the business movement are Rockefeller, Carnegie, Morgan, Armour, Hill, and Vanderbilt. Important results of this movement are the increase of national wealth, increase in standard of living, immigration, urbanization,Show MoreRelatedEffects Of Segregation In The 1930s737 Words   |  3 Pagesthat blacks had their own churches, schools, football teams, and even their own cemeteries. The Great Depression also took place in the 1930s. The economic crisis of the 1930s, the Great Depression, is one of the most studied periods in American history. Racism was at a high point in the 1930s. The 1930s were a turbulent time for race relations in America. (xroads.virgina.edu) Racism was as strong as ever in the Southern States. Racism is the belief of all members of each race possess characteristicsRead MoreEffects Of Segregation In The 1930s728 Words   |  3 Pagesthat blacks had their own churches, schools, football teams, and even their own cemeteries. The Great Depression also took place in the 1930s. The economic crisis of the 1930s, the Great Depression, is one of the most studied periods in American history. Racism was at a high point in the 1930s. The 1930s were a turbulent time for race relations in America. (xroads.virgina.edu) Racism was as strong as ever in the Southern States. Racism is the belief of all members of each race possess characteristicsRead MoreThe German And The American Police Forces Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pages The German and the American Police Forces: Studying the Differences and Similarities Throughout History Carly C. Brown The University of Nebraska at Kearney Abstract The United States and Germany have many differences when it comes to their law enforcement agencies. These differences are considerably more numerous when looking at the historical background that these two states have when it came to creating a sound law enforcement. 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Policy in Advocacy

Question: Explain how your policy can promote the health of the chosen population, using a public health or health promotion framework (e.g. Ottawa Charter). Answer: Section 1: Background 1.1 Arthritis Australia It is observed that one out of every five Australian nearly suffer from arthritis and it is 3.85 million people of the country. Arthritis Australia is not for profit organisation established in 1949 with the name of Australian Arthritis Rheumatism Foundation. Now it is considered as the peak body in Australia related with (Arthritis Arthritisaustralia, 2014). It functions as a charitable organisation and work for the welfare of people suffering from arthritis and musculoskeletal ailment and make thel lead a quality life. Arthritis Australia is associated with partner offices in New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, Tasmania and Western Australia. Today Arthritis Australia State affiliates promote and educate health consumers and health workers, provide assistance to National arthritis help line creating awareness, take care of the distribution of booklets and information related with arthritis and conduct seminars in the local community (Arthritis Arthritisaustralia, 2014). Vision of Arthritis Australia It works to improve the quality of life and help people combat arthritis by eliminating the pain and suffering. Mission of Arthritis Australia To offer support, education and dignity for people in Australia impacted by arthritis and their carers. To reduce the growth rate of arthritis drastically in Australia. To position itself as the leader in funding and advocating research of international standard. Aims to act as the independent body focussing on arthritis and patient cantered national body working for arthritis. Objectives of Arthritis Australia It works with the objective of enabling support and information to arthritis patient and their family members and friends. It works to create awareness related with problems faced by the arthritis patient across the local community and to stakeholder like business leaders, industry expert and government. To provide required information to physiotherapists, community nurses and occupational therapists. 1.2 Health issue Health issue: Arthritis related health ailment among 15 to 45 year olds in Australia. As a result of the health issues this policy advocates community, business, government and industry to enhance health care, support, management and quality of life for patient impacted by arthritis (Wood, Fortune, and McKinstry, 2013). In addition to creating consumer oriented, proactive policy and advocacy programme, the Arthritis Australia participate in consultancy service to government and provide report to agencies of government related with multiple issues impacting people suffering from arthritis. Arthritis as stated by Arthritis Australia is an umbrella term signifying 100 medical condition related with joint pains at the point of meeting of two or more bones impacting musculoskeletal system. In Australia more than 95% of the people suffer from the three most common form of arthritis namely osteoarthritis, gout and rheumatoid arthritis (Wood, Fortune, and McKinstry, 2013). The various health issues related with arthritis include Osteoarthritis It is a health issue where the joint like bone, ligament, cartilage and muscles of person is affected. It also results in inflammation, deterioration of ligaments, and damage of joint cartilage. Gout It is a health issue where small crystals formation happens around joints and it leads to pain, swelling and causing inflammation. The crystals are formed form the uric acid which is discharged as urine from the kidneys (Wood, Fortune, and McKinstry, 2013). In people with gout it does not happens leading to crystals. Rheumatoid arthritis It is a health condition where the person experience pain and swelling of joints resulting from autoimmune diseases. In the immune system in the person hampers the health tissues (Murphy,and Baines, 2015). In Rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system impacts the lining of joints leading to joint damage and causing inflammation. The major health issues related with arthritis is related with inflammation, pain, stiffness and damage to joint bones and cartilage. This leads to instability, weakness and deformities impacting the quality of life of a person. 1.3 Compelling evidence There are a sufficient statistics available both in the statistical reports and the media with respect to health issues resulting from arthritis. Though major part of the statistics mentioned below related with 15 to 45 year olds, some signify the total population with respect to the overall cost implication on the state related with the issue (Arthritis Arthritisaustralia, 2014). Arthritis facts and figures One in five people suffer from arthritis nearly in Australia. At present almost 3.85 million people are impacted by arthritis and it represent 18.5% of the total population of the country. It is predicted to impact 7 million in Australia by 2050. The cost implication on the economy of the country is $23.9 billion annually apart from the emotional and social cost that is hidden and immeasurable. The major cause of pain and disability in Australia is arthritis. The concept that arthritis is an inevitable part old age is wrong. It is found that 2.4 million working age people are diagnosed with arthritis mostly. 58% of the working people with arthritis are in the age group of 25 to 64 year olds. It is found in children as well as over 5000 children suffer from arthritis. In 2002 it was declared a national health priority. Arthritis Australia stated that there are more than 100 kinds of the condition. It is generally associated with body reaction against own joint tissues. Most common forms of arthritis are osteoarthritis, gout and rheumatoid arthritis. The person needs to move it or lose it or else it lead to pain and other serious symptoms. There is no cure medially though lot can be done Media Quotes Shalailah Medhora published a report saying people suffering from arthritis to exceed than double by 2050. (SBS News). Brendan Trembath stated in their report that early treatment of arthritis lead to save a fortune (ABC local radio). Senator Carol Brown made a parliament address related to Arthritis awareness week and the launch of time to move. (You tube). Evidence suggests that arthritis is major concern and it is affecting people not only in the age group of 15 to 45 year olds but also children. The lack of physical activity and healthy food habit leads to reduction in amount of cartilage tissue normally causing arthritis (Arthritis Arthritisaustralia, 2014). The normal wear and tear is the reason behind Osteoarthritis. Others reason related with the condition include past injury faced by person, infection, smoking and physically demanding work. Section 2: Policy for Advocacy 2.1 Goal Objectives Arthritis Australia feels that CPR (Clinical prediction rule) and precautionary method should be mandatory awareness campaign to be made part of Canberra Hospital, Garran, Canberra at ATC by December 2016 with the goal and objective of achieving a 20% reduction in working age group of 25 to 64 in Canberra of people suffering from arthritis (Murphy,and Baines, 2015). The policy targets this area based on the fact that the number of arthritis in the working age group is found in Canberra. Canberra Hospital, Garran, Canberra reflect an ideal sample population with the objective of implementing the policy across the rest of ATC. 2.2 Policy Goal The goal of the policy is to make CPR and precautionary method as part of the mandatory awareness campaign to be made part of Canberra Hospital, Garran, Canberra at ATC by December 2016 with the goal and objective of achieving a 20% reduction in working age group of 25 to 64 in Canberra of people suffering from arthritis (Harjang, 2015). Policy Goal Build healthy policy for the public Advocate for Canberra Hospital, Garran, Canberra at ATC to promote CPR and precautionary method for working age 25 to 64 approaching the hospital. Develop supportive atmosphere Make health worker present to council the people. Community action to be strengthened Involve local clinics and health worker. Personal skills development Council people to take self precaution. Reoriented service related with health Local clinics and health worker can organise local awareness campaign. 2.3 SMART objectives of the policy Equip 25% of the health worker to deliver person centred arthritis awareness program to working people approaching the hospital in Canberra Hospital, Garran, Canberra at ATC. Policy Goal Build healthy policy for the public Five health care worker in every department equipped with the counselling in every department in the hospital. Develop supportive atmosphere By up-skilling the knowledge of health workers about arthritis. Community action to be strengthened By having more people in the community with arthritis knowledge Personal skills development Council people to take self precaution. Reoriented service related with health Health professionals supervisor in the workplace to deliver program in the company. Incorporate local campaign for working age group 25 to 64 who live in the locality of Garran as the sample population. Policy Goal Build healthy policy for the public Advocate for the policy to be tested in Canberra Hospital, Garran, Canberra at ATC to promote CPR and precautionary method for working age 25 to 64 approaching the hospital. Develop supportive atmosphere Make health worker present to council the people in more number in the hospital. Community action to be strengthened Involve local clinics and health worker in Canberra at ATC. Personal skills development Council people to take self precaution by imparting knowledge about arthritis. Reoriented service related with health Local clinics and health worker can organise local awareness campaign in association with party safe. Disseminate the arthritis awareness program to 75% of the population in the locality of Canberra by 2018. Policy Goal Build healthy policy for the public The policy designed works with objective of imparting awareness to 75% of the population in the locality of Canberra by 2018. Develop supportive atmosphere With working people trained in CPR and precautionary method leads to sense of security and support others. Community action to be strengthened It leads to enhancing the awareness in the community. Personal skills development Makes them help themselves in the future. Reoriented service related with health It leads to empowering the working people prone to arthritis. Inccorporate the CPR and precautionary method as part of the party safe program for children below 15 year olds. Policy Goal Build healthy policy for the public Advocate for the partysafe to design arthritis program for children below 15 years Develop supportive atmosphere Make health worker present to council the people. Community action to be strengthened Involve local clinics and health worker. Personal skills development Teens will be learning about arthritis and help the community. Reoriented service related with health Local clinics and health worker can organise local awareness campaign. Section 3: Promoting Arthritis using health promotion framework 3.1Promoting arthritis The time to move is the promotional campaign undertaken by Arthritis Australia and it provides a road map for improving the health care service across Australia for people suffering from arthritis. It address wide spectrum from intervention of arthritis patient to prevention and advanced treatment (Stucki et al., 2007). It specifically talks of caring people suffering from osteoarthritis (OA), Gout and Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The time to move strategy works with the objective of providing patient with person centred care focussing on the experience of the patient. Its ultimate goal and objective is reducing the number of patient mainly working people in the age group of 25 to 64 developing arthritis. The second objective is early diagnosis and emphasis on evidence based care. The basic features of time to move promotion campaign include Raising awareness strategies and campaigns. Primary health prevention policy and health promotion strategies. Self management support and enhanced education for people suffering from arthritis. Community oriented arthritis clinics with multidisciplinary teams. Capacity building for Workforce with focus on enhancing support related with primary care facility with a view to promote effective management of people suffering from arthritis. 3.2 Ottawa Charter The health promotion framework guiding the above policy is called the Ottawa charter. This framework promote five key elements and they are build healthy policy for the public, Develop supportive atmosphere, Community action to be strengthened, Personal skills development and Reoriented service related with health (World Health Organisation, 2015). Each of the objectives related with the policy goal has been developed based on the framework of the Ottawa charter and represent the key elements of each five elements. The policy works with the aims and objective of improving the health of arthritis patient in Canberra by emphasising on the significance of clinical prediction rule (CPR) and precautionary method By providing these counselling to the people suffering from arthritis it will develop the awareness of prevention skills and provide them the capability to control their health in a more effective manner apart from supporting others. Equipping the working people in the age group o f 25 to 64 prone to arthritis and health workers with CPR and precautionary methods will help to reduce the development of arthritis in the working people (World Health Organisation, 2015). In addition it will help to spread the awareness in the locality and protecting the children who are getting impacted by the disease. It will also lead to the development of favourable atmosphere by associating with various sectors and establishing long term partnership. Finally by creating awareness with the working people about the CPR and precautionary method it equips them to take necessary action to prevent the disease. 3.3 Evaluation method The evaluation will be conducted by conducting a survey method with working people in the age group of 25 to 64 in Canberra Hospital, Garran, Canberra at ATC on the five parameters set in the policy based on the Ottawa framework namely build healthy policy for the public, Develop supportive atmosphere, Community action to be strengthened, Personal skills development and Reoriented service related with health. It will be compared with pre study data collected to identify the success of the study (Baldwin, 2004). It will evaluate all the five elements with regard to the four objectives set namely Equip 25% of the health worker to deliver person centred arthritis awareness program to working people approaching the hospital in Canberra Hospital, Garran, Canberra at ATC. Incorporate local campaign for working age group 25 to 64 who live in the locality of Garran as the sample population. Disseminate the arthritis awareness program to 75% of the population in the locality of Canberra by 20 18.Inccorporate the CPR and precautionary method as part of the party safe program for children below 15 year olds. It will help to understand if the policy goal undertaken for arthritis is achieved or not. Section 4: Develop Recommendation Recommendation One It is recommended to start with the trail area in Canberra at Australian Capital Territory (ACT) to identify the effectiveness of the program. If the program is deemed to be effective then the policy can be executed in other Australian Capital Territory (ACT). Success will be monitored using the Ottawa framework as done in the present case. Recommendation Two It is recommended to provide funding to associate with party safe to develop the policy for children that can be implemented in schools as more than 5000 children in Australia is suffering from arthritis (Baldwin, 2004). This will cater to children and develop a special program for the children. Party safe has the expertise to deal with students below 15 to reduce development of arthritis and empower the youth Recommendation Three It is recommended to provide funding for school program to impart awareness of arthritis in school in Canberra. It can use for training teachers. References Arthritisaustralia.com.au. (2014).Home. Baldwin, M.L., 2004. Reducing the costs of work-related musculoskeletal disorders: targeting strategies to chronic disability cases. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 14(1), pp.33-41. Harjang, B.C., 2015. Working out in the workplace and subjective well-being: a survey of employees in a Norwegian company. Murphy, G. and Baines, J., 2015. Connecting the Dots: Facilitating a Positive University Educational Journey with an Organisational Mental Health and Wellbeing Strategy. JOURNAL OF ThE AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND STUDENT SERVICES ASSOCIATION. Stucki, G., Boonen, A., Tugwell, P., Cieza, A. and Boers, M., 2007. The World Health Organisation International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: a conceptual model and interface for the OMERACT process. The Journal of rheumatology, 34(3), pp.600-606. Wood, R., Fortune, T. and McKinstry, C., 2013. Perspectives of occupational therapists working in primary health promotion. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 60(3), pp.161-170.